The government is not a hedge fund. It has no expertise in running businesses. Had they done what your are suggesting, the markets wouldn’t have reacted the way they did, the companies would have gone bankrupt under government mismanagement, the economy would have continued to crater, and not $1 of the money would have been recovered.
It turns out that the architects of this bailout were very smart about the way they did it. Also, relative to the recent stimulus packages that have no hope of ever being recovered, the numbers from 2008 are quaint and the conditions under which it was given were extremely fiscally responsible.