I'm absolutely no expert on this, but I think your provider would usually filter this spoofing attempt out, just like with IP spoofing. But if you're in the right spot in the network (e.g. your provider doesn't check for spoofing or you're your own "provider") you can do whatever you want.

Another problem with Android could be that the operating system might not have enough control over the SIM-Card/Modem to spoof phone numbers.

I have heard about people using some services to send/call from spoofed numbers though

Hushsms is one, but requires Xposed Framework.