If you want to know who is working on what, again there are tools for that (Trello, Jira, whatever).
If you need to reach out to a manager/team lead to escalate an issue, then reach out to the manager.
Morning standups quickly devolve into "I'll say what I'm up to while everyone else checks their email". I fail to see what problem they solve, really.
We still do just kind of general 1h meetings couple of times a week because it's just easy to dive into a few tricky problems we have that week with the stakeholders and all devs present. These could probably be removed if someone did messaging between the devs and stakeholders as a full time job.
Encourage people to communicate directly. Share noteworthy progress and problems in the weekly meeting. Just make sure the meeting doesn’t devolve into a dramatic reading of the status reports.
2) They can ask in slack. Encouraging people to reach out proactively is a skill and culture the team needs to develop.