Couldn't you neutralize it by (say) dumping in a bunch of baking soda? Or lye? (Hm, what actually happens if you mix sulfuric acid with lye? Do they neutralize each other, or turn into something even nastier than the sum of its parts? That'll teach me to blow off high school chemistry.)
Anyway, far brighter minds than mine have been looking at for at least fifty years...Florida got serious about phosphate ecology and water quality in the 1970's. The gypsum stacks and sludge ponds exist because of water quality regulations not the good will of industry.
https://floridadep.gov/water/mining-mitigation/content/phosp...
This reaction produces sodium sulfate (a salt) plus water and heat [1]. No idea if this is practical, though. Maybe it’s difficult to source sufficient quantities of some base to neutralize the acid.
[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_sulfate#Chemical_indu...
It does have portland cement production due to the abundance of limestone near the surface. However, portland cement production is more or less local globally...or it's usually made relatively close to where used. Conversely Florida's phosphate industry is a major source globally. The scales are incomensurate.