Title is misleading. The round exploded after leaving the barrel. I don't think it's physically possible for one of these jets to "shoot itself"
http://www.aerofiles.com/tiger-tail.html Bullets slowed down from drag, but the airplane was both powered and gained speed from diving, and caught up with the bullets as they fell. The plane crashed and the pilot escaped.
http://www.ejectionsite.com/F-14%20SHOOTDOWN.pdf Missile went in the wrong direction and hit an engine, both test pilots aboard ejected and survived. In fairness, they were testing missile separation, and the answer turned out to be "no."