India is close to Italy in Scientific output [1]: 1040 units vs 1104 respectively.
India's CO2e output is 2.62 billion tonnes, vs Italy 337 million tonnes.
India's GDP is $2.869trillion vs $2.004 trillion.
India's population is 1,336million vs Italy 60 million.
So, India consumes 7.7x the Earth's CO2 budget, but generates only .94x the scientific output and 1.43x the GDP.
Or put another way: the average Italian consumes 2.86x the CO2 as the average Indian, but generates 23x the scientific output and 15x the GDP.
Its really the 2nd and 3rd world who are flagrant wasters of the Earth's resources, not the developed world. Looking at CO2 on a per-capita basis is basically irrelevant.
The inescapable solution to climate change and resource degradation is population reduction of the 2nd and 3rd world to density and intensity levels seen in the 1st world, or perhaps even lower seeing as housing is typically unaffordable in most 1st world countries.
This would suggest a sustainable population of India of about 650 million - which was the population of the country as recently as 1977 [4].
[1] https://www.natureindex.com/country-outputs/generate/All/glo... [2] https://ourworldindata.org/co2/country/india [3] https://ourworldindata.org/co2/country/italy [4] https://www.populationpyramid.net/india/1977/