* You can't convince anyone of anything in 280 characters. So the content just reinforces existing beliefs.
* Likes and retweets means that posts that get a strong reaction will overtake everything else. This means everything is either optimised for inducing anger or is a joke.
* The product is built around cults of personalities rather than letting the content speak for itself.
* Distribution via quote tweets mean the audience has been primed on what to think about something before they read it.
I don't think there was ever any chance that Twitter could facilitate a meeting of the minds.
They have a hard game to play where they can't make everyone happy, so I sympathize. I don't spend a penny on Twitter so I can't complain.
Echo chambers are a natural thing. People gravitate to others' who have similar viewpoints. Has always been true, now it's not just true in a physical sense but also digitally. The behavior hasn't changed a bit though.
Also, even people who claim to be "open-minded" would have a very hard time being exposed constantly to contrarian viewpoints: your mental health depends on anchoring, whether you realize it or not.