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Arm is indeed the killer success story but like frauenhoffer it pivoted to "licence the ipr" instead of going into world scale fab.

That's the part Europe seems to miss: making endogenous industry in territory

Didn’t the collapse of Inmos go on to start an electronics hub in Bristol, a rather nifty unintended consequence.

I suppose if they tried to replicate that sort of pump priming failure they would be thought of wasting money.

Wolfson up in scotland did design for fpga which booted apple into a different place then apple disintermediated wolfson

ARM was also for a while an Apple subsidiary. They are not a pure European story.

Partnership (well, joint venture) with Acorn, not subsdiary.