Something not mentioned but is a much bigger problem than performance for most is that if you write too many tests, you may be unable to easily upgrade/update to newer versions without a significant amount of work to update all of the tests.

You’re right to call out performance as a reason for testing. Unfortunately, though, it’s usually not that easy. A problem not found in testing may be the result of inexperience or lack of foresight in design, such as the assumption that another adapter service in front of that enterprise cloud service that only exists in production isn’t a bottleneck, or that your code that had 100% unit test coverage turned out to leave nasty half-updated data due to non-transactional services and was deadlock-prone with memory leaks.