Here is a good introductory article about the topic:
https://slatestarcodex.com/2019/02/25/wage-stagnation-much-m...
TL;DR: Inflation plays at most a secondary role, the majority of the effect is a result of stagnant real wages, i.e. the capital owners kept a larger share of the productivity gains.
Does the article conclude that the correlation with the US going off the gold standard, and consequent change in monetary policy, is completely spurious?
It seems to me that like most macroeconomics issues, it's a multivariate phenomenon, so correlational studies can only get you so far.
Do you have books you would recommend on the subject?
Sadly I can't seem to find the article anymore, but there was a publication by Robert Brenner that showed that the fundamental changes of the early 70s also affected Soviet Russia in quite similar ways.
Edit, sorry, forgot your literature question. I think the two important keywords are Fordism and Post-Fordism, as economic literature usually seems to use these terms to describe what changed before and after the early 70s. The Wikipedia article on Post-Fordism lists a few theory lines and their authors: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Fordism