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This is a clever variation on impregnation resins, which aren’t now and are getting more and more popular. It will depend on the timber and treatment, but expect higher tensile & compressive strength then the wood, plus more hardness and stability. This would be very interesting for structural windows and likely much cheaper than glass in similar size. Probably better thermal insulation too.

I'd worry about the effects of UV on the resins, if replacing windows with it. Would likely need a coating to prevent discoloration.

Not only discoloration but general structural degradation of the material.

Several mechanical properties are discussed in the published paper:

https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/5/eabd7342

I'll also add that marine epoxy is pretty nasty stuff, although there has been innovations there too.