The UK response has been mediocre rather than awful.
* PPE sourcing has been poor.
* Track and trace has been poor, and for the money they spent should have been far better.
* Lockdowns have been too leaky, and too late.
* But the vaccination research and rollout has been excellent.
The high UK death toll is only partly due to the above mediocrities, and mainly due to factors that cannot be pinned on the government:
* A very highly internationally mobile population that seeded infections everywhere in the country.
* A very highly internally mobile population that spread infections everywhere in the country.
* A very high density population
* Little experience of pandemic management and limited pre-existing testing capacity
* No culture of mask wearing
* A higher than average aged population
* A higher than average obese population
* Higher percentage of ethnic minority individuals who have been more susceptible to the disease, even after adjusting for health and income inequalities.
* More northerly climate with colder temperatures and higher rates of vitamin D deficiency
* Lower public tolerance for restrictions on movement
* Insufficient police numbers to enforce lockdown policies
No SINGLE cause from the lists above explain the UK's high death rate. It's a perfect storm of all of them.