If you punch the US in the gut with tariffs you may get reciprocation.
"If you don't let us steal every bit of income we can while operating in your countries where your local companies don't have a value larger than the GDP of Switzerland or Mexico, then we will get angry at you for figuring out ways to make them pay the taxes they should pay. So we'll make sure to prop up our Boeing that is failing due to issues unrelated to you, and we'll slap random luxury goods taxes on it for some luck"
That's petty alright.
As pointed out elsewhere, the EU put taxes on Harley Davidson a few years back following the taxes on steel from the US. That was petty too.
FWIW same thing happened with Canada in the last few years with new tariffs both ways. Mostly petty too.
Maybe one day we'll figure out ways to try and nurture making everybody grow together rather than making everybody lose more. For all its faults, the EU is an attempt at that (internally, because we've got to start somewhere).
If other countries are propping up their industries, and we fail to respond, that's a disadvantage. There are also national security concerns. It's not all of one or the other, but there may be a balance and that's worth exploring further, I think.
If the vast majority of Americans are not benefiting from it, it's because of the concentration of wealth within US driven by domestic American policies, more than anything else.
The EU doesn't really have many tax regulations, so a country like Ireland might think "How else will I attract industry here?", and decide to allow companies to put a mailbox there in exchange for operating in the EU tax free.
This double-screws all other countries, first, because these companies pay zero taxes, so their tax contribution to the EU is zero. Second, because Ireland remains poor, because these companies pay almost zero taxes, so other countries need to send them money.
France didn't like this, so they introduced a tax that both French and non-French companies must pay (it is illegal in the EU to discriminate by country, so this tax affects French companies as well).
And that's pretty much it. This tax is high because it needs to compensate for the lack of taxes these companies pay in France, and for the money France needs to send to the tax heavens in which these companies operate.
TBH I hope other EU countries will follow France's example, and that at some point, when most countries have these rules in place to avoid getting double-screwed, the EU as a whole can agree on a set of regulations to forbid tax heavens within the EU.
Such a set of regulations needs a pretty high buy in from all EU countries (essentially unanimous consensus), and countries that cannot otherwise attract industry are incentivized to be against it.
With these new taxes, Tech companies will be more incentivized to move to the places in which it makes most physical sense for them to be, instead of a freaking mailbox in the artic. At that point, the incentive from Ireland and other tax heavens will be small, since there won't be any point for companies to move there in the first place.
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Also, while the EU usually negotiates as a front, the EU itself is a union, so it has little to absolutely no power over what any EU country does. Within the union, you have federation republics like Germany, presidental republics like France, monarchies with kings like Spain, and... without really stretching it... some EU countries aren't even democracies and are more like dictatorships. Point being, getting something done at the EU level requires widespread consensus, but the EU is extremely heterogeneous and consensus is really hard, which is why the EU gets nothing done, and why each country does whatever it wants. The EU doesn't even have a constitution.
It might be easy to criticize, e.g., the federal response to COVID in the US, but that's because people actually expected a Federal response to it, because there could have been one. In the EU, the federal response was almost non-existent, but nobody expected any because the EU has no power to do anything in this case. I don't really know whats worse.