Because they NEEDED the vaccine to work, they chose very conservative numbers. Multiple doses, high loads, super cold temperatures, etc. Those trials have produced a lot of strong corollary evidence that partial vaccinations work, but it will take a very long time to do a full set of clinical trials on those doses.
And in the interim, a lot of people will die, who probably would have lived had we proceeded with 1-shot vaccinations. There's a lot of risk here either way, and choosing and never modifying the original dose schedule is not "safer" -- it's just a bias towards inaction.