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Small correction: the paper is in Nature Communications and not Nature.

So we could, in principle, selectively demethylate those regions of DNA and cure some cancers?

Cancer isn't caused by abnormal methylation patterns.

The ctDNA are just fragments of DNA which have been shed by the tumor and are now circulating in the blood stream.

That's great news!

So now after we know that, what are the treatment options at that stage ?

Probably many of the same ones that are used in the later stages.

My understanding is that the prognosis is much better the earlier one begins treatment.

Combine that with the breakthrough in protein folding and mRNA vaccines and we could have a rapid pipeline for custom, targeted immunotherapies for not just new bugs, but new cancers.