You can start here for an historical perspective,
https://www.zdnet.com/article/ibm-mainframe-containers-grow-...
Then read about MFT and MVT here
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS/360_and_successors
https://community.ibm.com/community/user/imwuc/browse/blogs/...
You can eventually also delve into the world of IBM i, z/OS and Unisys ClearPath MCP.
In what concerns UNIX clones,
HP-UX Virtual Vault (which I used in the 2000's, however docs are hard to get freely online, after it got replaced by HP-UX Security Containment)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-UX
ftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/security/VVSCdepots/VVSCAdminGuide.pdf
https://myenterpriselicense.hpe.com/cwp-ui/free-software/Sec...
Solaris Zones
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_Containers
FreeBSD jail
https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/jails.html
AIX LPAR
https://sort.veritas.com/public/documents/sfha/6.0.1/aix/pro...
Tru64
http://www2.phys.canterbury.ac.nz/dept/docs/manuals/unix/DEC...
So while Linux containers are all over the place in 2020, Linux had zero influence in technology per se, and like Windows is just catching up with the mainframes and UNIX old timers already offered during the last couple of decades.