Check out the history (1971) of Larry P. and California's use of IQ testing in schools.
> As a group, African Americans across the country scored lower on IQ tests. The lawsuit alleged that was because the tests were biased toward Eurocentric culture. Questions like, ”Who wrote Romeo and Juliet,” they argued, didn’t assess a student’s innate capacity to learn. It tested knowledge that some – and not others — had acquired at home or school.
https://www.kqed.org/news/11781032/a-landmark-lawsuit-aimed-...
and from Radiolab:
> What is the color of rubies?
> Kaufman argued “Uh that question is clearly biased.” I mean, the correct answer on the test is rubies are red but A...
> If your family has more money, you were more likely to know what was a ruby was
> And B, Kaufman says, Ruby was a popular name in the Black community. So certain kids might think the question was referring to people, not gems.
https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/radiolab/articles/g-pro...
and in general, further reading: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_and_public_policy...
edit: add year to Larry P.