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This is a good summary - and it might just work out. There is a trend in our energy sources being more powerful and more efficient over time. More efficient solar panels, biger and more flexible wind turbines, bigger and safer nuclear reactors. So paying the "energy dept" in the future might be much easier than going without the fosil energy sources right now.

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The "borrowing" is not without some side effects which might be hard or impossible to revert in the future.

It's like driving accelerating train without the breaks and hoping that someone builds tracks fast enough that we won't derail

Loss of biodiversity is one big thing. The species that went extinct due to us industrializing the planet, and the species that will go extinct due to climate change (even if brief and ultimately mitigated) will not come back.

Sure, evolution keeps running its RNG and eventually new and interesting species will start showing up. But that doesn't replace the causal link that is lost. Today, the variety of organisms on our planet gives biologists a chance to understand how crucial mechanisms of life evolved. As we erase that history, we make biological sciences that much harder, and by extension, slow the progress of everything from medicine through biotech to chemistry and material sciences.

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