Binding to specific cores is not exposed to userspace, but you can influence which kinds of cores it's likely to be run on by setting thread priorities and QoS classes.

The macOS SDK exposes a processor affinity API that you can program against.

There isn't an option like taskset on Linux to pin or move tasks among different cores, or like anything that's exposed in Linux's sysfs.

With ARM, yes, and you can also selectively turn on and off cores. For example when travelling with my pinebook pro I turn the big cores off to drastically improve battery life. However it's up to Apple to expose this functionality, and we all know how much control apple wants you to have of the computers you "license" from them.