cppreference.com is good and hast almost everything you need.
Debatable. It's also a matter of design choice. Much like Perl, C++ chose to "include everything, be everything to everyone". Almost no modern language does that, if you look around, every modern language is focused and for almost every choice has at least a recommendation if not an enforced choice.
This makes for much better design.
I don't think there is a living C++ developer that knows all of C++, it's impossible. I'd be shocked if Stroustrup knows all of it.
Stroustrup does assume not to know everything, just like Ken Thompson won't know everything about C17.
Wait until Rust reaches their age, actually enjoys multiple commercial implementations, assuming it does survive that long, and those still alive will say the same words about Rust.
Sure, it might now be features Rust currently has, it will be technology X or programming trend Y that will appear down the line and which will be implemented by multiple teams.