https://youtu.be/vc_Lh_a1BQI?t=463 https://youtu.be/vc_Lh_a1BQI?t=3303
Basically, in open air, unless you're in a hot desert, I couldn't get it to overheat/throttle. But in an enclosure you need at least a good heatsink with ventilation to allow convection, or failing that, a fan for active airflow.
The CM4 IO Board has a 4-pin fan connector and a PWM chip on board so you can connect standard fans and incorporate them in your designs.
Fans are not a long term solution to anything and that is what makes the raspberry 4 really valuable; namely it's on the limit of what _can_ be cooled enough passively without adding too much weight/size!
I'm all in on the standard raspberry 4 for server clusters and gaming clients for my 3D MMO that I'm writing from scratch! Sad that the mounting (plastic is not long-term, the SO-DIMM was better in that regard) and form-factor of these are a bit odd, we'll have to wait and see if someone makes boards/heat-sinks for it!
They need to be compact even when stacked like these: http://move.rupy.se/file/pi_4.jpg
The home computer revolution started with the C64 and peaked with the raspberry pi 4, everything in-between has just been revenue landfill.
It would be interesting to see if you can get the ESXi ARM fling running on the CM4: https://www.virtuallyghetto.com/2020/10/how-to-copy-the-rasp...
No idea if UEFI would open up more possibilities to boot from NVME? Also, does the CM4 PXE boot with the attached expansion board?
http://move.rupy.se/file/monstersink.jpg
http://move.rupy.se/file/pi_4.jpg
But this thing has less surface!
I don't understand how it can be legal for the foundation to sell this without a heatsink!