First, probabilities application to a non-discrete systems is undefined bullshit.
Second, there is no way in principle to determine a simulation, the way there is no way to determine an actual wiring of a processor from the level of code, or even that there is a processor.
(Edit: Technically, I don't agree with your "application of probabilities to non-discrete systems" statement, but I think we get the intended meaning here.)
That being said, I don’t think it is likely.
? Quantum mechanics strongly begs to differ—the wave function is continuous, but predictions are probabilistic.
True, however in a multi-processor die software can use information about heat/voltage/p-/c-states to determine which core it's currently running on.
And before you ask - yes, this is used in practice for sophisticated workload distribution across cpu cores in fintech.
Unless someone explicitly leaves a loophole - for debugging or other purposes. There is a nice scene in the recent movie Vivarium about this.