Early Pascals did. P-Code [0] it was called. I don't think it was really about easy of compilation. It was about ease of portability, at least early on.
It was and it was key to why Pascal became so successful. Porting the VM of the UCSD-p machine was so much easier than writing a new backend so Pascal spread like wildfire. I think I even saw a Commodore 64 port at some point.