Work funded by the NIH needs to end up in PubMed Central within a year of publication. The NSF and DoE have similar policies. Unclassified DoD-funded work also needs to end up in the Defense Technical Information Center. All of this flows from a 2013 memo by John Holdren/OST entitled "Increasing Access to Results of Federally Funded Science", and, as far as I know, it hasn't been overturned. While this doesn't formally cover everything, it comes pretty close and many journals now handle this automatically.
The memo is here: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2016/02/22/increas...
Canada has a similar policy for Tri-Council funded research (here: http://www.science.gc.ca/eic/site/063.nsf/eng/h_F6765465.htm...) but does not require specific repositories.