I brought Chef into the online side of the NFL several years ago. We still use it, though less and less as we get more things into containers. I've got my gripes with it, but I'd never second guess my decision to use Chef, or trade it for anything else.

Those problems sound like people aren't taking the same care in their cookbooks that they are in their regular software. If you write bad cookbooks and don't at least give a cursory review of the community cookbooks you use, you'll end up with a mess. If you treat it like the customer facing software it is, I find it a pleasure to work with.

Our cookbooks have CI pipelines that run some basic tests and we have automation around rolling out changes. We rely on a lot of conventions to avoid storing state, but we still have nodes auto provisioning their own storage and load balancers where necessary. It's let us stand up a ton of infrastructure and make changes safely and quickly. That's not to say we couldn't have made Puppet/Ansible/etc work, because IMHO it's more about your development practices than anything else.

edit: we only use Chef Infra and some Inspec. Not talking about Habitat.