Your examples have online ads but google operates in the “programmatic” space, Facebook doesn’t. Amazon has a competing product in the programmatic space but it’s not the product you’re thinking of.
Companies in this space: google, the trade desk, Amazon, Verizon, at&t (Xandr), etc.
Keywords to search for are ad exchange, dsp (demand side platform), ssp (supply side platform), dmp (data management platform). Googles products are dv360 and doubleclick bid manager.
Facebook is way way smaller than google, amazon’s advertising unit doesn’t even compare.
This also doesn’t talk about google search. When you advertise online (paid) the three channels are search, social, and programmatic.