It does not. There is a handful of APIs that are blocked.
https://developer.apple.com/documentation/safariservices/saf...
https://developer.apple.com/documentation/safariservices/saf...
> In addition to blocking unwanted content, a Content Blocker extension protects privacy. For example, the extension doesn’t have access to users’ browsing activity and it can’t report activity to your app.
https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Ge...