His first three concepts already have names: authentication/authorization (he's conflated here), non-repudiability, and availability. The last two topics seem like applications and not properties of identity.

I think you could solve all of "2" - "5" given a workable solution for "1" --- that is to say, if everyone could agree on an Internetwide scalable authentication system, the other benefits of identity could be built organically around that kernel. But scalable authentication is a galactically complicated political problem involving virtually every single one of the largest technology companies in the world.