Five Easy Pieces of Online Identity
evhead.com
evhead.com
I think you could solve all of "2" - "5" given a workable solution for "1" --- that is to say, if everyone could agree on an Internetwide scalable authentication system, the other benefits of identity could be built organically around that kernel. But scalable authentication is a galactically complicated political problem involving virtually every single one of the largest technology companies in the world.
OAuth, on the other hand, isn't scalable Internet-wide authentication so much as a tool for doing delegated authentication.
We have users and customers and we don't care who they are. Customers we care if their money is good.
The idea of validated internet identity for things outside of banking/finance and voting is a complete sham.
These companies screaming for identity know perfectly well they are lying to their customers. What they are really interested in is monitoring people and selling information about their habits to marketers.
It also happens to use the brilliant Lessig Style of presentation, which is always fun to watch.
Daniweb's a pretty good example - post count, up-vote count, solved threads and reputation points which determine a user's power to affect other people's reputations.