Quantum mechanics is deterministic in most interpretations except Copenhagen, which is losing favor.
There are other interpretations that don't require hidden variables and yet are fully deterministic. There is no free lunch though, so usually these interpretations require you "lose" something else.
As a layperson, the one that I can make most sense of is the Everettian interpretation (often called Many Worlds, although I personally find that a source of confusion).
In the Everettian interpretation there is only a quantum state and the observer is part of it. Thus the non-determinism and the wave function collapse is just an illusion due to the fact that the observers themselves are in a superposition state (which they are not aware of) and entangled with what they observe.
No, local hidden variable theories don't [1]. De Broglie–Bohm pilot wave theory [2] is a non-local hidden variable theory.
[1]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_nonlocality
[2]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Broglie%E2%80%93Bohm_theory
The Everettian interpretation is fully local, where any non-locality is just an illusion caused by observers observing correlations they cannot otherwise explain if they insist on the impossibility of themselves being made of matter itself being in superposition.
EDIT: it's understandably hard to throw away the first person pooling if view and our innate feeling of self and identity. Fuethermor the mechanisms of consciousness are poorly understood. I'd argue that what's making it hard to make progress on understanding consciousness is entangled with what makes it hard to accept the Everettian interpretation (which is the simplest consequence of basic quantum mechanics, nothing is added )