Sometimes it's a hologram, which would be cool even if the fidelity were a bit shit, but it's interesting that art directors make them pretty bad looking even in fiction, presumably as a cue to the viewer that it's a hologram. Any fiction that portrays holograms as opaque and convincing usually plays it for surprise, because standard-issue holograms in fiction aren't convincing.
In previous shows the Federation has demonstrated the ability to create totally flawless and interactable holograms.
Yet somehow in this show everyone has switched over to glowly flickering interfaces hovering over your desk.
In the headquarters of Star Fleet, a giant hologram of a star ship is in the atrium, and it glitches out for a moment as the camera looks at it just to let the viewer know it's a hologram.
Not only is there no reason for holograms to glitch out all the time assuming that the technology could be created, but this TV series has already demonstrated their ability to do this much better!
Or many others did too. Earth Final Conflict for one, the hand tablets. Hell Tech works amazing in black mirror, one might argue WAY TOO WELL.
As for Star Trek holograms, when the episode doesn't want to "play for surprise", it usually briefly shows the hologram appearing - which uses its very specific VFX, so that it's immediately recognized as a hologram (and not confused with teleportation, which uses a different style of VFX).
The hologram that follows the main characters seems to be pretty high tech, and looks flawless. And they show the hologram stuff by having her move through objects.
But when the main characters walks around the city, you see hologram commercials that are the size of buildings. Those don't look lifelike. They're transparent and have limited colors.