I'd suggest reading through the ACLU's article on voter ID laws to learn how the disenfranchisement is targeted in practice.
https://www.aclu.org/other/oppose-voter-id-legislation-fact-...
Edit: I'll put two of them into Swedish context.
First, some rural areas in Texas are 170 miles from the nearest location they could apply for an ID. That's about the distance from Stockholm to Karlstad, which is much more difficult to travel without a train infrastructure like Sweden's.
Secondly, the cost of applying for an ID can range from $75-$175, or ~650-1500 krona. I noticed in another thread you mentioned Swedish voter IDs cost 350 crowns. Our voter IDs cost 2-4x as much in absolute terms. Sweden doesn't have a minimum wage, but for reference ours is $7.25/hr ($14,500 pre-tax annually, assuming a full-time 40hr/week job) and our 10th percentile household income is about $14,000 annually (~$122k SEK). So a voter ID can cost a low-income worker about 3 days of pre-tax income, likely 3.5 or 4 post-tax.
So on the one hand we have a solution to fraud that doesn't happen vs explicit and intentional voter disenfranchisement.
[0] https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/north-carolina-voter-id/