Another was a well established Professor 'P' with a very large number of published papers, who continued to publish multiple papers at a high rate. There had been doubts for years due to data that seemed too cute and the fact that P always took the data and made the final figures in the paper themselves. P was finally caught out when a paper included data which could not possibly have been collected, and was outright fabricated.
It is worthing nothing that both P and X left the institute without disciplinary action beyond employment termination and signing an NDA. One of them is in another city, getting government grants and doing just fine. Everyone in the know doesn't trust any of their papers of course, but I guess that doesn't include whoever reviews their grants.
None of these are 'good people gone bad'. They are are flawed individuals with no integrity and sociopathic personality traits, and they waste a lot of decent people's time dealing with their actions.
MIT is choked full with people who've signed these sorts of NDAs. You shall not talk about wide-spread research fabrication. You shall not talk about the professors who partied on Epstein's island (except for the few honest ones who came forward; they're ostracized). You shall not talk about corrupt conflicts-of-interest. And so on.
I've heard similar things about Stanford and a few other elite schools, but I have no first-hand knowledge there.
Why is this even allowed?
I think most graduate students come in with pretty good integrity. By the time people are promoted for tenure, you've had multiple filters for sociopathic behavior.