From my cursory glance at the doc, the part in question is inside the bleed-air cutoff system. This is a flapper valve (a bit like in your toilet) that takes air from the engine and uses it for other systems in the plane (air conditioning, cooling, starting other engines, etc). When it's in use, the movement of the parts will prevent rust from building up in one spot. A little rust might accumulate, but it will be rubbed/wiped off when it's next used. The problem occurs when enough rust builds up that the flapper cannot move anymore.

In normal use these valves take air out of the turbine stage, so they see very very hot air with almost zero moisture in it in normal use. If you park them long enough I can imagine they get wet from rain or even just condensation.

Not specific to this part, but most mechanical items that move get oiled as part of their operation. When they don't move for a long time that oil evaporates, and now the moisture in the air can attack the surfaces. This is a common situation in general aviation if they're not flown regularly and can lead to early replacement of the engine.