But the dev who intimately knows Spring & Java/Kotlin is gonna be far ahead of you for the first 9 months, given that there's so much out of the box functionality. They'll be going through a nice paint by numbers scenario for most of the heavy lifting whilst you have to expound effort in creating what's done.
Besides, by sitting on top of the JVM you have access to alot of mature libraries, and it's extremely easy to do a wrapper in clojure.
What the spring & other frameworks have as an advantage is a predefined set of opinionated choices about logging, error handling, validation and so on that would give you a couple of weeks advantage at top. What they don't have is an expressive language as clojure.
At the same time it's true there are products like roam research that are fundamentally harder to achieve in a cookie cutter environment
This talk kind of eludes to why that is https://youtu.be/rI8tNMsozo0 but it's worth learning there's many mature pieces of tech in this community that are astounding
If you need boring.lib then reach into Java/JavaScript with the easiest interop I've ever used
None, because for anything Clojure doesn't have, you just lean on the JVM (or JS for Clojurescript). Sure, the syntax isn't as pretty and there are some abstraction mismatches, but in my experience, you create thin wrappers to hide this and move on.
Clojure's errors require getting used to because they can be verbose but the patterns emerge after some use, that said most beginner errors can be caught before runtime with clj-kondo