No, technical debt is a very general category that includes deliberate hacks, structural flaws, and small mistake bugs. It's anything that over time will damage the code base, duplications and wrong abstractions being very much included in that
We even have a concept of life debt.
Some debt is intentional, some incidental.
Most technical debt I’ve seen was not intentional, just a well meaning design that was created to serve a purpose that eventually outgrew it, and that’s when the interest started to pile up.
And happening passively is exactly what it does, interest rates change, your ability to make downpayments change. All part of the very well functioning metaphor in this context.