I don't know how exactly to get there (I have a variety of ideas about things we should be doing differently as a society, but none that specifically address the level of short-term thinking we are plagued by), but we definitely need to do something about it.
As far as fixing our corporate culture, I think making judicious but expressive use of the corporate death penalty, combined with aggressive enforcement of antitrust laws, using a much broader metric of harm than has been used in the past few decades, would be a good start.
I also think that a true universal basic income—one that would allow someone with no other source of income to live safely, if not luxuriously, in most parts of the country—would slowly but surely start having huge effects on nearly every aspect of work, as removing the constant fear of homelessness and death from poverty made the "labour market" much more like a genuine free market. I can only begin to imagine the shifts in our society that that would result in, and it's really hard to say just what other measures would be rendered unnecessary by them.
While they made enough money to pay for school by delivering pizza.
Warren Buffet made serious amount of cash as a high schooler delivering news papers.