In such a system there's typically two kinds of E2E. E2E for the team's service and end to end for the entire system.

If you can't write the former without acceptable debugging tools your tests suck and you should rewrite them.

If you are a team writing a micro service in an ecosystem of micro services, you need to write E2E tests that mock systems external to yours and have very clear agreements/contracts about how they interact as well as a QA team to test the system as a whole coz otherwise each bug that crosses a layer degenerates into an orgy of finger pointing. Ideally debugging at that scale should be rare and done with multiple members from multiple teams.