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> Haskell is what happens when you go full lambda calculus, and the dedication to referential transparency really forces you down some interesting paths/abstractions. It's also worth noting that other functional languages like OCaml and lisp do not force purity so the idioms are not as extreme.

Clojure does, in some degree.

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Clojure encourages functional style code through its immutable data structures and a set of (mostly) referentially transparent functions that operate on them.

But clojure is very strictly imperative. Atoms are easily accessible in the stdlib and side effects can be called inline and hidden within functions. This masks IO from a perceived return type.

Haskell differs here because it forces you down the path of "everything explicit" and "everything referentially transparent". Essentially monads emerge as a result of this, but their use definitely feels unergonomic in clojure

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