The lines link components of the same system in their actual order for example: fuel pump - furnace - gas turbine - generator.
When the space permits layout and iconography is also used to put the various components in more context next to each other often based on things like the layout of what ever they are used to control or monitor.
For example if it’s a plant control components will be laid out based on the exact layout / blueprints of the plant if it’s a ship or a train if would be laid out by decks or cars.
This helps people orient themselves and find the exact thing they need based on familiarity with what is being monitored rather than the control room itself.
It not only helps with day to day operations since the the visual association is faster but also allows staff that isn’t familiar with the control room and specialists which may be called in to effectively operate within it.
This isn’t unique to Soviet control rooms this is constantly used in monitoring all over the world across all fields even IT.