Assuming it's the time from when he shoots to when it arrives at the backboard

He explains it right there, only seconds later: after 600 ms, the ball is at the basket, and it is too late to do anything. He has less time than that, because he also has to move the backboard into place, and stop it, because if it were still moving, that would bounce the ball somewhere else.

It would be seriously cool to use the speed of motion of the backboard to get extra control and, e.g., need to move it less.

But that would take a hard real-time system, and be correspondingly more fun.

After each shot you need image recognition to recognize the balls, and you need several shots to get the trajectory. At the other end, you need time to move the board into position.