Certain vitamins and minerals. Fat soluble vitamins can build up to the point of causing problems. Excess of iron and magnesium may have negative effect AFAIK.
Combining calcium and vitamin D can be seriously problematic. And high doses of calcium in general can make you more likely to end up with kidney stones -- those are not fun to pass!
Some supplements can even compete with each other for absorption (calcium & magnesium come to mind), so taking them together in a multivitamin is probably not the way to go.