I'd bet those plans do exist somewhere. We had plans for pandemic defense too, but we didn't bother actually stockpiling masks and ventilators. At least for that we can afford to catch up.
The more intensive ideas like underground bases would have to be built well before modern civilization collapsed. They'd cost a lot, and we'll have less and less resources available as the damage worsens, so doing it in time might require more foresight than we've shown so far.
Just going to high altitude would be less protective but relatively cheap. But any small refuge would have to deal with a lot of well-armed people fighting over it, plus epidemics brought on by overcrowding and mass migration. It might be safer to be on Mars.
But sure, in theory a small population could eke out an existence in an enclosed base.