This is what Platform-as-a-service (PAAS) is and has been around for a long time. Google's Appengine, Heroku, and many others offer it.
Since then we've seen "serverless" or functions-as-a-service (FAAS) which is just smaller bits of code (down to a single javascript function) but the same concept of everything else being managed by the provider. This is AWS Lambda, Cloudflare Workers, Google Cloud Functions, etc.
The latest offerings now take a Dockerfile or container image that you build, which means you can run anything on any stack while the provider manages the rest. Google Cloud Run, AWS Fargate, Azure Container Instances, Fly.io, Zeit Now, etc.