If the only method of operation here were for people to invite others by copy/pasting a URL, and the invitees' only method of joining were to click on that link, then long UUIDs or such would be just fine.
But Zoom lets you dial in audio-only from a regular phone. You simply just cannot use "long random string" as an identifier if you're expecting someone to punch it into a telephone keypad. Even having an 9- to 11-digit meeting code plus say a 6-digit passcode would be a burden for some people, though it's really the only way to do that portion of it right.
Now, one thing I do not cut Zoom any slack for is having an API where you can request validity and status of any meeting ID, without any rate limits placed on it. That's Security 101 right there.