Some countries do that. Notably Finland and Sweden. When you buy a can of coke, or a glass bottle of beer, there is a small surcharge added to the price. When you return the empty container you receive your money back.
People discard cans/bottles in parks, at bus-stops, and people make a living collecting them and claiming the money back.
https://www.sitra.fi/en/cases/deposit-based-recycling-system...
(Whether you are able to return them is a different question, because the Danish system allows vendors to reject bottles that they aren't selling themselves, which is something Germany was quick to outlaw)
A few cans and bottles are discarded but the vast majority are returned because it is so easy to do; almost every supermarket has a machine that accepts the bottles and cans (including those not sold in that shop), crushes them, and prints a ticket that you can redeem at the checkout.
I had no idea the program had stopped, but I guess it must have been around the time I left Scotland.