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They do have a breakdown into governable regions, together the regions form India. Norway has 5 million people. New York, LA, Toronto, etc has more people. Total population isn't a great reason.

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Diversity sure is. I imagine the culture in Mumbai is very different from Chennai... whereas LA and NYC are way more similar. Of course, I do not know for sure, please feel free to correct me.

The culture maybe different but people generally get along fine. There might be bullying here and there but I have yet to meet an Indian who believes that breaking up the country will fix their problems. Culture wars fade away because people have realized that cultural mixing has generally been a net benefit. And I’m speaking about this from experience. I have friends and regularly interact with people from majority of the states and none have expressed a desire to break away from the union. The closest people come to is to have more and smaller states. Some states like Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Rajasthan are still too large for efficient administration.

It always is a fight between having larger (and federal) countries/regions, and having smaller states. There needs to be a balance. Even with Norway, aren't you in EEA and Schengen?

In any case, the geographical boundaries of my state in India changed thrice within a span of ~70 years. And that happened peacefully. I can't imagine that happening without wars if the individual states are nation states.

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