I commented elsewhere, but yes it can! It took a bit of head scratching but I got there in the end with my own Node.js based static site generator. This code integrates version 3 of MathJax, which was considerably different to version 2.

https://github.com/qubyte/qubyte-codes/blob/master/lib/rende...

See in particular the top of that file, and the renderMaths function. I'm not sure how you'll integrate MathJax into Pelican given the language gap, but in principle it's possible.