I have been using GUIs since the 80s (remember Atari ST GEM). Not once have I been confused about whether an item was selected or not.
Enter material design.
On android's slide down config screen (the one with wifi, bluetooth, etc toggles) I always have to stop and think a bit to determine if wifi is on or not.
Similarly, on many other config screens, horizontal sliders that snap to either the left and right positions are used to indicate on/off but it is never clear which one is which.
I believe there are proper check boxes somewhere in the Widget set but they are not used much.
To me this seems like a case of aesthetic dogma trumping usability.