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19-digit-per-64-bit compression storage requires about 19TiB [0].

1-digit-per-byte requires about 45TiB [1].

Can anyone explain how it requires 38TiB for final output?

[0] https://www.google.com/search?q=8+*+%285e13+%2F+19%29+%2F+10...

[1] https://www.google.com/search?q=5e13+%2F+1048576+%2F+1048576

If you cross byte boundaries, i.e. compactly pack the bits such that there are no wasted bits; then you have 4 bits per decimal digit, 50T digits becomes 200T bits == 25TB. Technically there is still some slack in there because each 4 bit block represents 16 values, and we only use 10 of those.

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